CobraPin

CobraPin Pinball Controller

This page is under construction

Overview

CobraPin is a pinball controller designed to offer a basic all-in-one assembled affordable solution. It is intended to be hosted by a computer running the Mission Pinball Framework (MPF) and is based on the Open Pinball Project (OPP) It will be released to the public in 2021 on Kickstarter.

Features:

• 24 coil drivers for solenoids, flashers, motors, etc. Outputs are broken out into 3 banks of 8 outputs.
• 38 direct switch inputs <OR> 22 direct inputs and an 8x8 switch matrix
• Neopixel support for 512 RGB or RGBW LEDs
• 24-50V power filter. Board also provides the common ground for the supplies.
• Fuses for solenoid banks and Neopixels
• Easy replacement of at-risk components
  • Processor boards are socketed
  • Transistors can be removed with simple soldering tools and replaced with through-hole components
  • Fuse clips for common 5x20mm fuses

Future Hardware Plans

Expansion Board

An expansion board for CobraPin is planned, but not yet complete. It should support a lamp matrix, 8 additional coil outputs, and 8 additional direct inputs. The purpose of the expansion board is to make it easier for people to control existing machines with flashers and matrix controlled lamps.

Segment Displays

While regular segment displays will not be supported by CobraPin, custom alphanumeric boards are planned.

A 7-digit prototype was created that is controlled by the neopixel output and the display is mono color. Multiple color options are available. Each segment acts as a neopixel channel, so it takes the equivalent of 42 pixels to create a 7-digit display. Multiple displays can be daisy-chained together, so you can have up to 6 displays on a single CobraPin output channel (6 x 42 = 252 < 256). You can also arrange 4 displays together to create a 14x2 display that fits in the same area as something like a WPC89 display.

Shown here are two displays next to each other, a red and blue.

Wiring

Power Input

Power comes in to the board on two 4-pin 3.96mm pitch connectors. The default connectors are JST VH style. The pinout is labelled in silkscreen on the board.

J9: Coil power input (24-50V)

J10: Neopixel 5V input

Coil Power Output

The output power for the coils comes from a 3-pin 3.96mm JST VH style connector. These outputs are fused by F1, F2, and F3. Each pin provides an output for one of the coil banks. The pinout is labelled in silkscreen on the board.

J13: Coil power outputs. Each pin should be used to power the coils in its corresponding bank.

Coil Ouputs

The 24 coils are broken up into 3 banks of 8 outputs. The 3 9-pin 3.96mm connectors are JST VH style. There is a ninth pin on the connector that can be used as a key. That pin is marked by an asterisk in silkscreen. The coil outputs are labeled in silkscreen with the MPF compatible numbers.

Each coil output has a diode to help protect the transistor. You may still use coils with axial diodes installed, but you MUST ensure that you connect them with the correct polarity.

Every coil in a bank should be powered by the associated bank power pin on J13. For example, coils in Bank A should be powered by the HV_A pin of J13.

J6: Coil bank A outputs

J7: Coil bank B outputs

J8: Coil bank C outputs

Each bank has an LED next to it to indicate if that bank has power. Check these if you are concerned you have blown a fuse.

Each solenoid has an associated yellow LED to indicate it is being driven by the processor. It is highly recommended to test a new setup without high voltage power or without the coils plugged in. Using these LEDs, you can verify that each output is being driven correctly.

Switch Inputs

There are 5 9-pin 2.54mm pitch KF2510 style connectors for switches. The switch inputs are labeled in silkscreen with the MPF compatible numbers. Each connector also includes a logic ground pin. Use this for the direct input return. The two pins labeled “N/C” are not connected to anything.

J1, J2, J3: Direct input switches.

J4, J5: Remaining direct input switches <OR> switch matrix input/output. See MPF section below for switch matrix anomalies

WARNING the switch inputs should be limited to 3.3V since the STM32 is a 3.3V device. If you are using an active switch like a drop target opto board, make sure none of the switch pins can go above 3.3V.

For example, the 5768-12368-00 drop target opto board from Police Force requires 10k resistors in the R9, R10, and R11 positions (see below) to keep the column voltage under 3.3V. If you do not do this, the opto board will try to the pull the column up to 12V. If you only use the 18k resistors suggested in the manual, the voltage will be limited to 4.8V...which is still too high.

Your other option in the case of 5768-12368-00 is to power the drop target board off of 3.3V instead of 12V so there are no higher voltages even present on the board. This would require changing R1, R3, R5 to 100ohms (standard 1/4W resistor would be fine) in order to drive the opto with a similar current given the lower drive voltage. The LM339 should operate fine at 3.3V.

Neopixel RGB LEDs

There are two neopixel chains that support 256 RGB pixels each for a total of 512. These outputs are on 2 3-pin 3.96mm JST VH connectors. RGBW pixels are also possible.

The J14 fused output can be used to provide additional power taps in a neopixel chain. This is a 4-pin 3.96mm JST VH style connector. Each pin is rated for 7A continuous. The fuse holder is rated for 10A. The red D25 LED can be used to confirm you have a good fuse (F4) and are providing power for neopixels.

J11, J12: Neopixel outputs

J14: Fused 5V output

USB

The two processor boards are connected to the host computer via two separate USB-C cables (the beta version used micro-USB cables).

MPF Configuration

It is HIGHLY RECOMMENDED that you start your MPF game-making journey with the MPF Tutorial

For detailed MPF documentation, head over to MPF Docs

CobraPin specific info can be found here: CobraPin on MPF Docs

Switch Matrix

OPP now supports both active low and active high switch matrices. Active low and high refer to the direction that the columns are strobed in a switch matrix. The style that you want is selected by loading the respective OPP configuration into the STM32 board. See OPP Configuration below.

On CobraPin, the SW MATRIX OUT connector has the column outputs 0-7 and the SW MATRIX IN connector has the row inputs 0-7.

The default Standard configuration of CobraPin uses an active low matrix.

Active Low Matrix

An active low matrix pulls a column down when it is selected so that any active switch pulls the associated row down. In an active low matrix, the diodes always point toward the columns. Williams is an example of a manufacturer that always used an active low matrix.

Active High Matrix

In an active high matrix, the logic is just reversed. Columns pulse high so active switches are pulled high. The diodes point toward the rows. Gottlieb System 3 is an example of a system that used an active high matrix.

In many cases, you can use an active low matrix to drive a machine that was intended to have an active high matrix by just swapping the row and column connectors. Then the diodes will point to the columns as required for an active low matrix. If you do this, you will have to transpose your matrix switch numbering from what you might find in your game's manual since the rows are columns and the columns are the rows now. This method will work for simple mechanical but your mileage may vary on active switches like some optos and drop target banks.

Switches inputs from an active high matrix in MPF appear to be inverted. So when a switch is open or OFF, it appears in MPF that it is closed or ON. To fix this, you have to invert it again. So you add "type: NC" to the switch definition of a normally-open matrix switch. The NC stands for Normally-Closed. I know it is backwards, but that is how it works. This is not required for the Standard active low matrix

Matrix Numbering

The matrix is hosted by Board 1 on the CobraPin, so the valid numbers for switches are 1-0-32 through 1-0-95. See table below.

Autofire Devices

Autofire devices use a configurable link between a switch and a coil output to control the coil with the absolute minimal latency by allowing the STM32 to directly control the coil rather than the control coming from the host computer. These should be used for timing critical coils like flipper, pop bumpers, and slings.

Note: an autofire coil must be controlled by a switch on the same STM32 board. So a 1-0-xx switch needs to control a 1-0-yy coil and a 0-0-xx switch needs to control a 0-0-yy coil.

STM32 Flashing and OPP Configuration

The firmware on the STM32 board exists in two parts: the base application and the OPP configuration. As delivered, the boards should be flashed and configured appropriately. But if you need to updated something or replace a processor board, this section is for you. The base application must be flashed with a separate programming device while the OPP configuration can be changed over USB via Python scripts.

Flashing

You can download a snapshot of the OPP source here: OPP Source

The STM32 firmware images can be found in the folder Stm32Workbench / Gen3Images /

Instructions for flashing the base application on to the STM32 board can be found here on the OPP site: Loading STM32 Firmware

Configuration

Pre-made config files can be found here: CobraPin STM32 Config Files

You can use these or modify them for your own needs. For example, OPP has the capability to operate in "whitewood mode." That means that switches can be assigned to coil outputs to control a machine in a basic way (flippers flipping, pops and slings firing, but no rules) before you have MPF up and running. This is setup in the config and is unique to your own machine.

Loading the Config

There are two processor boards on the CobraPin with the board numbers labeled on silkscreen under the boards. Board 0 is the upper board and Board 1 is the lower board. Each board requires a different config and should not be swapped without re-configuring OPP.

Putting a Board 1 config in a Board 0 slot could result in blown FETs, coils, or fuses. A Board 0 config should also not go in the Board 1 slot. Proceed with caution!

Board 0

Regular: Neopixels on J11 that glow dimly blue at power-on. The purpose of glowing dimly is to verify at a glance that all pixels are operating properly even before MPF takes control of the lights.

NoGlow: Neopixels on J11 will stay off at power up.

Board 1

There are 3 variants for Board 1. By default, all of them have neopixels on J12 that glow dimly blue at power-on. The purpose of glowing dimly is to verify at a glance that all pixels are operating properly even before MPF takes control of the lights. Each variant also has a NoGlow option.

Standard: Includes the standard active-low matrix for 64 matrix switches and 22 direct inputs.

Direct: No matrix for a total of 38 direct inputs on the CobraPin.

HighMatrix: Includes an active-high matrix for 64 matrix switches and 22 direct inputs.